Thursday, July 1, 2021

Steps You Need to Take in a Texas Divorce

No two divorce cases are exactly alike. With that said, there are similar paths that many divorces go down that make it possible for us to be able to provide advice for folks like you who are contemplating a divorce either now or in the future. To be sure, being able to provide honest and clear information about a divorce case is exactly what an attorney does for a living. Somewhere in between providing basic advice and getting that person to the end of a case is the sweet spot of a divorce: being able to provide facts specific advice on how to proceed and what to avoid.

For a blog post here on the website for the Law Office of Bryan Fagan, I am not able to provide you with specific advice regarding your divorce. Reason being that I don’t know anything specific about you, your spouse, your children, or your circumstances. The best I can do is provide you with information that I think will pertain relatively well to the issues that you are facing in your life. From there, I invite you to seek out a free-of-charge consultation with one of our attorneys. The attorneys with the Law Office of Bryan Fagan offer free of charge consultations six days a week in person, over the phone, and via video.

To learn the most you can about divorce it is critical for you 2 receive specifically tailored advice and perspective about your divorce case. Please do not take the information provided in this blog or in any similar resource as the only pieces of information you will need before beginning your divorce. You need to be able to receive perspective and information on your divorce case so you know exactly how to think about your circumstances and how to best prepare for your case. Well, I hope that much of the information in today’s blog post will be helpful for you and your family I cannot promise you that every bit will be relevant to your life. 

As a result, discussing the steps you need to take in a Texas divorce by going through the first consideration that I think he needs to make once you have determined that a divorce is in your future. The first step would be seeking out a consultation with an experienced family law attorney and ask him or her questions.

Step #1: seek out the advice of an experienced family law attorney

Without a doubt, a divorce is not a circumstance that you want to go into blindly. You may have spoken with relatives, friends, coworkers, or other people who have told you that the divorce isn’t a big deal these days and that you can get your divorce without a problem. While the rates of divorce have been climbing in recent years the reality is that a divorce is still a serious matter that will have impacts on your financial, emotional, relational, and mental states of mind. You should not consider divorce to be another administrative matter or something mundane and run of the mill. 

Rather, a divorce is a legal matter that requires your respect and attention. Even if you do not end up hiring an attorney to proceed with your divorce is well worth your effort to seek a consultation with an attorney before making that decision. It can be a big mistake 2 make a decision but you do not need a family law attorney without actually having spoken to an attorney first period you may find that after having spoken with the attorney your mind has been changed regarding whether or not you need to hire a lawyer. It is better to come to this realization before your divorce is even filed rather than in the middle of a case once you realize that you need help.

The rule of thumb on how I try to guide people in this state is to sync out consultations with at least three attorneys before making up your mind. One good thing about living in the Houston area is that you will not struggle to find a family law attorney too there are many options available to you on and you should try to schedule consultations where an attorney as soon as you believe that a divorce is on the horizon. Our office, for example, offers free of charge complications that can be done over the computer or even over the phone. However, I’m the type of person who likes to be able to get a feel for the person that you were meeting with so now is a great time to begin the process of meeting with attorneys in first thing as we ease ourselves into post-pandemic life.

When it comes to the actual meeting with the attorney your instinct may be to spend most of the consultation telling the attorney about the facts of your life and your views on them. Many times I feel like potential clients will use consultation as a sort of therapy session and unload on the attorney all their concerns and thoughts regarding the upcoming divorce. Well, I cannot blame you for feeling this way I think there is a better use of your time and the attorneys.

I would recommend using the consultation as an opportunity to briefly recite the facts of your case to be an attorney but then to use a majority of the meeting as a time for you to ask questions about the divorce that you want to pay. The fact is that many people I meet within these complications have a basic understanding of divorce. However, their reviews may be skewed by the adviser perspective given to them by non-attorneys in their lives. While I would never tell you to not consider the opinions of friends and family the reality is that their experience in divorce me nothing much different than your own. As a result, you should seek out unbiased inexperienced advice whenever possible.

Since you don’t have the opportunity every day to meet with an attorney to talk about your divorce you should take advantage of the opportunities you have when they present themselves. Once you have to ask your questions of the lawyer you should give him her opportunity to weigh in on your circumstances. From there you can develop a sense of how the attorney answers questions and whether or not you feel comfortable perspective inexperience. An attorney may be the right person to represent your neighbor but may not be the right person to represent you. The only way you’ll learn who you’re comfortable with representing you is by asking questions and by listening to the attorney’s responses.

Once you have met with at least three family law attorneys I would recommend deciding whether or not to hire a lawyer and then moving forward with the decision as quickly as possible. Again, I am assuming that you have considered whether or not a divorce is in your future and made the decision to get divorced. Once you have done this and you’re comfortable no sense in waiting. You should contact the attorney’s office, work to sign the contract, and pay the initial fees. That way, you will have your attorney ready to go and can begin filing paperwork. 

Step #2: negotiate, negotiate, negotiate

One of the most significant misnomers that most people have regarding divorces is that the ultimate decisions in a case are typically made by a family court judge. It is completely understandable why people feel this way in my opinion. Television, movies, and the media in general form super rounded worse that they are always contentious almost always wind up in a courthouse. While this may be a good starting point for a TV drama the reality is that most divorces conclude before going to court.

Settlement negotiations are incredibly important in a divorce. Whether you end up settling your case out of course or not, the divorce process in Texas lends itself to a great deal of negotiation during downtime in your case. Again, you may be operating under the assumption that going to court is the norm in a divorce. While there are opportunities to attend court dates in your divorce or reality is that most of the days of your divorce which is spent outside the courtroom. Those days can be spent effectively if you seek to maximize the opportunities to settle on outstanding issues in your case. 

One of the things I would ask the attorney you are interviewing is what their perspective is on settlements and negotiations during a divorce. In my opinion, the attorneys with the Law Office of Bryan Fagan perform a delicate balancing act of being aggressive in negotiation, preparing for going to trial or hearing quite cognizant that oftentimes the best arrangement is 1 in which the parties themselves determine the outcome of the case rather than a judge. With that said, you need to be confident that your attorney is experienced enough to handle a courtroom environment but also wise enough to negotiate through the issues of your case when possible.

Depending on your relationship with your spouse a lot of the negotiations with him or her can be conducted directly between the two of you. After all, nobody knows the circumstances of your case or your life better than you and your spouse. You may have differing views on certain aspects of the case but overall, you should find that you agree on perhaps more than you think. With that said, you can utilize the opportunities presented to you to work out solutions to problems that can be rather complex.

Another positive aspect of negotiating directly with your spouse is that you can save time and money. From experience, I know that it is easier for two spouses to get ahold of one another as opposed to an attorney getting ahold of an opposing lawyer. Well, sometimes it may be necessary for the attorneys to hammer out fine details you and you’re in a spouse are more than capable of reaching a consensus on broad topics, and then you can allow the attorneys to work out details and allow you in your spouse to refine your arguments and positions that way.

Either way, it is much more advantageous for you in your spouse to use at the time of your divorce to accomplish things in mediation and negotiation rather than to use the time 2 get upset with the other and lose track of time overall. There will be plenty of time to litigate your divorce and attend contested hearings if necessary. When I take all the time you can in an attempt to settle outstanding issues between you and your spouse without having to resort to a courtroom?

Step #3: prepare for mediation

Without a doubt, attending mediation, either for final orders or temporary orders, will be the most important part of your divorce case. Ultimately, you are preparing in a divorce to negotiate for either 1/2 day or full day in mediation. Many family court judges will not even allow you to have a trial held in their courtroom before you have attempted to mediate at least one time. The reason for that is that mediation is incredibly effective in terms of helping couples conclude their divorce. I would estimate that upwards of 90% of divorce is settled before going to a trial.

That estimate I provided you with should provide you with some hope and optimism but I should also tell you just how critical to your case mediation is. The difference between an OK outcome in your divorce and a fantastic outcome in your divorce can oftentimes be seen in the results of mediation. I cannot emphasize just how much hi I have hurt you in your lawyer need to put into preparing for mediation. Sometimes all of the other events of your divorce in combination do not add up to the overall significance in the importance of mediation.

Like I did in the section of today’s blog post before this one, I would recommend that you talk to an attorney that you are interviewing to obtain their input regarding mediation. Ask the attorney what their perspective on mediation is and how he or she typically prepares with their client. If the attorney seems nonchalant about mediation or does not appear interested in answering your question that would cause me to raise an eyebrow. Every experienced attorney understands the importance of mediation and should not scoff at a question related to it in my opinion. 

For instance, you and your attorney should be working well in advance of mediation for final orders on compiling a final inventory and appraisement of your marital and separate property Estates. This way you and your spouse will have an opportunity to view the information in real-time and can better make decisions regarding how to divide any Community property. In addition, you should be able to determine what items belong in each of your separate Estates so that this isn’t a subject that causes you to have to go to trial.

Sometimes the most contentious issue in a divorce is regarding custody and e conservatorship rights of your children. You and your attorney should have multiple plans in place on how to negotiate on conservatorships issues if this is still an outstanding issue in your case. Your lawyer can work with their opposing counsel before mediation to determine what you all anticipate the main issues are in mediation and therefore you and your lawyer can better prepare for them before attending the big day. 

Additionally, temporary orders mediation offers an opportunity to establish a tone for the rest of your divorce in terms of how negotiations will work and what kind of expectations each party can have as you head into final orders mediation. The reality of a divorce is that final orders tend to look very similar to temporary orders. You and your lawyer should take a great deal of time to walk through potential scenarios involved in your case during the temporary order stage. If temporary orders work out well then you can largely mimic them in final orders mediation.

Closing thoughts on the steps of a divorce

Planning a divorce and being intentional is critical to achieving success in a case. As I am fond of telling people, it is possible to wander into a divorce but it is not possible to wander out of a divorce and still experience success. Rather, you have to have a game plan and be intentional in how you execute that plan. Sure, changes will arise in the divorce that will likely require you to re-calibrate your approach. However, having a plan in being intentional about achieving goals is extremely critical and important. In my opinion, that discussion begins and ends with the attorney you choose to represent you. 

If you have any questions about the material that we have discussed in today’s blog post please do not hesitate to contact the Law Office of Bryan Fagan. Our licensed family law attorneys offer free of charge consultations six days a week in person, over the phone, and via video. These consultations are a great way for you to learn more about the world of Texas family law as well as about how your family circumstances may be impacted by the filing of a divorce or child custody case. Thank you for your interest in our law office and we hope you will join us tomorrow as we continue to share relevant and helpful information about Texas family law.



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Why Docks are Dangerous for Maritime Workers

Seaman and Other Maritime Workers Need to be Mindful of the Potential Hazards of Working on a Dock Working on a dock can be dangerous. Docks present various risks, and workers can – and do – suffer various types of injuries. While dock owners and employers should take steps to mitigate these risks, many fail to do so, and these failures often have severe consequences. So, why are docks dangerous? Here are seven examples of the risks many dock workers, boat mechanics, commercial divers, crewmembers, and other maritime employees face daily: 7 of the Biggest Risks of Working on a Dock 1. Slip-and-Fall Accidents Docks are often slippery, and the lack of any guardrails or safety rails means that workers risk going into the water when they slip and fall. Slip-and-fall accidents can also cause injuries when workers land on docks (or collide with dock boxes or other objects). Depending on whether a worker falls on the dock or into the water, injury risks from slip-and-fall accidents can range from sprains, fractures and concussions to lung damage from near-drowning incidents. 2. Underwater Hazards When workers fall into the water, underwater hazards can present risks for serious – and even fatal – injuries. The waters around docks are often littered with old pilings, lines, and objects dropped from the dock and docked boats. Colliding with these objects underwater can lead to severe cuts, soft tissue injuries, and broken bones (among other injuries). If a worker gets caught underwater or knocked unconscious, [...]

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Using Intensifiers: Is It “Literally” a Crime?

84 Tex. B.J. 596 (July/August 2021)

 



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San Antonio Resident Wins $1M Lottery Prize

On Tuesday of this week, an anonymous San Antonio resident won $1 Million on a scratch off lottery ticket purchased at a local convenience store. To learn more about the prize and statistics of winning these kinds of prizes, visit this KENS5 article.  If you won the lottery today, what would you do with the...Continue...Continue readingSan Antonio Resident Wins $1M Lottery Prize

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HIGHLAND PARK IMMUNE FROM SUIT FOR DEATH OF OFFICER PERFORMING EXTRA-DUTY SECURITY SERVICE AT PRIVATE RESIDENCE

Town of Highland Park v. McCullers

Dallas Court of Appeals, No. 05-19-01431-CV (June 29, 2021)
Chief Justice Burns (Dissent linked here), and Justices Pedersen, III (Opinion linked here) Goldstein (Concurrence linked here)
               The Town of Highland Park cannot be sued by the survivors of an off-duty police officer killed in a flash flood while providing security at a private residence through an arrangement coordinated by the Town, according to a divided Dallas Court of Appeals panel. 
        SMU police officer Calvin Marcus McCullers accepted an assignment offered by the Highland Park Department of Public Safety to provide after-hours security, at a property owner’s expense, for a private residence then under construction. A little more than two hours after he arrived at the property in his personal car, a torrential downpour flooded the area where he was parked and swept him and his car over an embankment into Turtle Creek. His body was discovered several weeks later on the banks of the Trinity River more than three miles downstream. 
        Officer McCullers’s survivors sued Highland Park and others for negligence and other torts. Asserting governmental immunity from such claims, Highland Park filed a plea to the jurisdiction, which the trial court denied after the parties conducted limited discovery. On interlocutory appeal, the core issue was whether coordinating a program to provide security services to private residences by off-duty police officers is an exercise of “police protection” and thus a governmental function for which the Town is generally immune from suit, or a “proprietary” function to which immunity does not apply. 
        The distinction between governmental and proprietary functions, which applies only to municipalities, is codified in the Texas Tort Claims Act, chapter 101 of the Civil Practice and Remedies Code. The TTCA defines proprietary functions as those “that a municipality may, in its discretion, perform in the interests of the inhabitants of the municipality”—but not including the list of 36 functions expressly identified as governmental functions. The first item on this list is “police and fire protection and control.” Justices Pedersen and Goldstein, in separate opinions, held “the Town’s coordination of Officer McCullers to provide law enforcement services” at the residence was an exercise of “the governmental function of police protection.” Justice Goldstein’s concurrence, elaborating on the statutory analysis, cited precedent that plaintiffs “may not split various aspects of a city’s operation into discrete functions and recharacterize certain of those functions as proprietary.” She concluded her opinion by noting “the ongoing struggle associated with judicial analysis and application of the governmental-proprietary dichotomy” and other aspects of governmental immunity. She urged the Legislature to provide “more certainty” on these issues for Texas citizens and governmental bodies. 
        Chief Justice Burns, dissenting, said his “colleagues rely on labels instead of function.” He denied that coordinating “private security services for private property owners,” so that an off-duty officer was “essentially functioning as a night-watchman for one citizen,” fits within the statutory meaning of “police protection.” Instead, applying the factors articulated by the Texas Supreme Court for breach-of-contract claims in Wasson Interests, Inc. v. City of Jacksonville (1998), he concluded that “in providing private security services” Highland Park “was acting in a proprietary role.” 
        One final note: finding the program is a governmental function does not necessarily end the immunity analysis. Under the TTCA, governmental immunity is waived in circumstances involving “personal injury or death caused by a condition or use of tangible personal or real property”—if the plaintiff complies with statutory notice requirements or the governmental entity has “actual notice” of the injuries and its potential liability. Justice Pedersen, extensively describing the record and controlling precedent, concluded plaintiffs failed to provide timely notice and rejected plaintiffs’ argument that Highland Park had actual subjective knowledge of its alleged fault in causing or contributing to the officer’s death. Justice Goldstein concurred in a footnote, while identifying the “actual subjective awareness” test as ripe for review by the Legislature. Chief Justice Burns did not mention this issue.  


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Tax Foreclosure on Royalty Did Not Include Possibility of Reverter

Co-author Rusty Tucker

Ridgefield Permian, LLC, et al. v. Diamondback E & P LLC, et al. addresses the scope of a property interest foreclosed upon by a tax suit in Reeves County, Texas. In this post we will shortcut the complicated facts and discuss the takeaways. The rules are what you need.

Royalty interests that were subject to an oil and gas lease were foreclosed upon and sold by the sheriff. The lease then terminated. Both the purchaser of the foreclosed interest (Magnolia, LLC) and the assignee (the Trust) of the former royalty owner whose interest was foreclosed upon (Albert) claimed to own the possibility of reverter * (the POR) and granted oil and gas leases.

The point

The Supreme Court of Texas has held that a POR is not taxable. The POR was not included in the property interest that was the subject of the tax foreclosure. The foreclosed interest was a royalty interest under the Meriwether lease. The POR, owned by Albert, was not derived from, part of, or attached to the foreclosed royalty interest. Therefore, the tax lien did not attach to the POR.

Also, the plain language of the tax suit judgment specifically described only the royalty interests under the Meriwether lease, and the sheriff’s deed limited the interests that were conveyed to those “foreclosed” upon in the tax suit. Thus, the royalty interest was the only interest that could possibly fit into the explicit limitations of the sheriff’s deed.

The POR could not have been foreclosed upon because there were no delinquent taxes on which a lien could attach. The POR remained attached to the surface estate, which was not foreclosed on. Albert continued to own the POR until he conveyed it to the Trust, which leased to Ridgefield. When the Meriwether lease terminated, the mineral estate reverted to the Trust. Ridgefield and its lessor the Trust prevailed over Diamondback and its lessor Magnolia.

Your musical interlude.

*The real property term of art for what the grantor owns as a future interest in a determinable fee grant; it is the grantor’s right to fee ownership in the real property reverting to him if the condition terminating the determinable fee occurs.



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5 Important Facts about Maintenance and Cure Benefits

If you qualify as a “seaman” under the Jones Act, you are entitled to maintenance and cure benefits when you get injured on the job. Unfortunately, there is a lot of important information your employer won’t tell you, and many companies try to get away with paying far less than their employees deserve. How much are you entitled to receive for maintenance and cure? How long are you entitled to receive these benefits? What if your employer refuses to pay the full amount you are owed? These are all answers you need to know. With this in mind, here are five important facts about maintenance and cure benefits for injured seamen: 1. Your Maintenance Benefits Should Cover Your Living Expenses The maintenance benefits you receive under the Jones Act should cover your living expenses. While many companies offer their employees a fixed rate (usually between $15 and $30 per day), you are entitled to submit documentation showing that you need more in order to buy gas and groceries and keep paying your bills on time. 2. There is Not a “Maximum Amount” Your Employer Can Pay Some companies will falsely claim that they cannot pay more than a predetermined “maximum amount” for maintenance and cure. This is not the case. Your employer can – and must – pay full maintenance and cure benefits until you get better or reach your maximum medical improvement (MMI). 3. You Don’t Have to Accept Your Company Doctor’s Decision Regarding MMI When you see a [...]

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